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Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh

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Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College is a government medical college in Bangladesh, established in 2011. It is located at Josodal, Kishoreganj Town. The college is affiliated with University of Dhaka as a constituent college. Location of Kishoreganj, is 24.7617°N 90.3993°E. It offers 5 years MBBS degree programme and admits 52 students every year.


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Professor Monsur Khalil Hostel
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Uniform Criteria for Submission of Manuscript to the Editorial Board
[According to Guideline of BMDC]

  1. Manuscript written in English on bio medical topics will be considered for publication provided these have not been published previously and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
  2. The author should obtain written permission from appropriate authority if the manuscript contains any table, data or illustration from previously published in other Journal. The letter of permission should be submitted with manuscript to the editorial board.
  3. Authors should keep one copy of their manuscript for reference & three hard copies along with softcopy should be sent to the managing editor.
  4. The authors should sign a covering letter mentioning that final manuscript has been seen and approved by all authors. Relevancy and contribution of coauthors should clearly mentioned by first author. Irrelevant person or without any contribution should not be entitled as coauthors.
  5. The materials submitted for publication may be in the form of an original research, review article, special article, a case report, recent advances, new techniques, books review on clinical / medical education, adverse drug reaction or a letter to the editor.
  6. An author can write review article only if he / she has written a minimum of two (2) original research articles and four (4) case reports on the same topic.
  7. The manuscript may be submitted by the author online following appropriate criteria as mentioned.
  8. Each component of the manuscript should begin on a new page in the sequence of-
  9. Title page
  10. Abstract
  11. Text- Introduction, Material & Methods, Result and Discussion.
  12. References
  13. Acknowledgement
  14. The title page should include the title of the paper, name of the authors, name of the departments in which they worked, email address & phone number.
  15. The title should be concise, informative & self explanatory.
  16. The Abstract should be structured as-introduction with objectives, materials & methods, result, discussion with conclusion including key words number of figures, tables, reference & correspondence
  17. The text should be presented in the form of-
  18. Introduction: This should include the purpose of the article. The rational for the study or observation should be summaries. Only strictly pertinent reference should be cited. The subject should not be extensively reviewed. Data or conclusion from the work being reported should not be presented in introduction.
  19. Materials & methods: study design & sampling method should be mentioned. Consent from respondents / patients should be taken in the form before interview / study. All drugs & chemicals used should be identified precisely, including generic name, dose route of administration. For all quantitative measurement SI unit should be used.
  20. Results: This should be presented in a logical sequence in the text, tables & illustration. For Statistical Analysis standard procedure to be maintained. It should be done by a recognized statistician or subject expert related to statistics.
  21. Discussion: Authors comment on the result supported with contemporary references including arguments and analysis of identical work done by other workers may be elaborately discussed. A summary is not required. Brief acknowledgement may be made at the end.
  22. Tables: Number and titles of tables to be clearly written.
  23. Source of Illustrations & Figures should be mentioned.
  24. Abbreviations and Symbols: Use only standard abbreviations; avoid abbreviations in the title of the article.
  25. References-
  26. Reference should be numbered in order to which they appear in the text as superscript.
  27. Reference should be in Vancouver style

Authors are requested to send manuscript of article via email attached MS Word file.
Email: sadequel@yahoo.com

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ssnimcj2026v11i2s18


Original
Outcomes of Three Intravitreal Injections of Bevacizumab for Diabetic Macular Oedema
Chowdhury MK,1 Islam MS,2 Marzana MA,3 Sultana N,4, Das T,5 *Nurunnabi M6

  1. Dr. Md. Kamrul Islam Chowdhury, Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College and Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh. kisight@gmail.com. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7140-2917
  2. Dr. Md.Shirajul Islam, Associate Professor, Department of Retina, Gopalganj Eye Hospital and Training Institute, Gopalganj.
  3. Dr. Must. Ayesha Marzana, Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College and Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
  4. Dr. Naima Sultana, Medical Officer, Department of Neuromedicine, Sylhet Women’s Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
  5. Dr. Tirtho Das, Medical Officer, Department of Ophthalmology, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College and Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
  6. *Dr. Mohammad Nurunnabi, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Sylhet Women’s Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh. nur.somch@gmail.com. ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-9369

*For correspondence
Abstract
Background: Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a leading cause of visual impairment among patients with diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy, particularly Bevacizumab, is widely used to reduce macular oedema and improve visual outcomes.
Objective: To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes following three monthly intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab in patients with diabetic macular oedema.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Gopalganj Eye Hospital and Training Institute, from July 2022 to December 2023. A total of 102 patients (150 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and centre-involving DMO were included. Eligible eyes received three monthly intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed at baseline and one month after the final injection.
Results: The mean BCVA improved significantly from 0.82 ± 0.41 logMAR at baseline to 0.55±0.39 logMAR after treatment (p<0.001). The mean CFT decreased from 441.20 ± 148.60 μm to 358.62±142.41 μm (p<0.001). A total of 96.6% of treated eyes showed visual improvement, with 41.3% gaining two or more lines of vision. The most common complication was subconjunctival haemorrhage (21.3%), while serious adverse events such as retinal detachment and endophthalmitis were rare (2.7% each).
Conclusion: Three monthly intravitreal Bevacizumab injections significantly improve both visual acuity and macular thickness in patients with diabetic macular oedema, with an acceptable safety profile.

[Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Med Col J 2026, July; 11 (2):242-250]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj.2026.11.2.18

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Original
Outcomes of Internal Delorme’s Procedure in the Treatment for Obstructed Defecation Syndrome Caused by Rectal Intussusception
*Yesmin F,1 Sheikh MSH,2 Islam MS,3 Siddique MA,4 Siddique AB5

  1. *Dr. Farhana Yesmin, Assistant Professor, Department of Oncosurgery, National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka. rehanasfiya152@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7342-0338
  2. Dr. Md. Shahadot Hossain Sheikh, Professor, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1422-3321
  3. Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam, Associate Professor, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0554-4636
  4. Dr. Muhammad Ali Siddique, Associate Professor, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU). ORCID: http://orcid.org/0009-0000-2355-4156
  5. D r. Abu Bakar Siddique, Associate Professor, Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0009-0007-7940-0304

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) is a complex functional & anatomical disorder compelling patient to exhausting ineffective attempts to defecate and Rectal Intussusception is one of the most common causes of ODS which needs surgical intervention with different procedures after conservative treatment fail. Internal Delorme’s procedure would be a good alternative for treating ODS due to its less postoperative complications with excellent functional results and patient’s satisfaction and better than any other more expensive and invasive techniques used for this condition.
Objectives:  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the endorectal proctopexy (internal delorme’s) in the treatment of ODS secondary to Rectal Intussusception.
Methods: This Observational study was conducted in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka from January 2024 to December, 2024. All patients with ODS refractory to non-operative treatment were included in this study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent was obtained after explaining the details of the procedure. Then, the patient’s preoperative status, perioperative complications and postoperative outcomes were recorded to evaluate constipation by Modified Longo ODS score. All parameters and variables were analyzed in a pre-designed SPSS data sheet.
Results: The study included 25 participants (mean age 34.88 ± 16.18 years; 48% ≤30 years), with a female predominance (64%) and mean BMI of 24.13 ± 3.21 kg/m². Major symptoms included incomplete evacuation and straining (96%), assisted evacuation (80%), per-rectal bleeding (76%), and repeated toilet visits (72%). Mean symptom duration was 13.24 ± 4.11months ranging from 2 to 20 months. Grade III rectal prolapse was most frequent in 21 (84%), followed by Grade IV in 4(16%). Rectocele was associated with rectal intussusception in 14 (56%) with moderate rectocele observed in 7(50%), mild in 5 (35.7%), and severe in 2 (14.3%). Partial utero-vaginal prolapse occurred in 8(50%), Cystocele and pelvic floor descent were present in minor group of patients 2 (12.5%) of each. Only 3(12%) received Bio-feedback therapy preoperatively but there was no success in symptoms improvement without surgery. Urinary retention (24%) was the most common post-operative complication. Recurrence occurred in 2(8%). Mean operative time was 111.92 ± 16.40 minutes, and hospital stay averaged 2.80 ± 0.58 days. The mean ODS score improved significantly from 14.72 ± 3.13 pre-operatively to 4.44 ± 1.00 at 3 months and 3.56 ± 0.82 at 6 months (p < 0.001), demonstrating substantial and sustained symptom relief.
Conclusion:. IDP showing considerable obstructive symptoms reduction about 75.8% with short hospital stay, low recurrence (8%) and some manageable perioperative complications. So, it appeared to be safe and effective with a successful outcome in most of the ODS patients.

[Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Med Col J 2026, July; 11 (2):234-241]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj.2026.11.2.17

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Association of Serum Total Cholesterol with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladeshi Male Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
*Mumu NS
*Dr. Naureen Sayeed Mumu, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College and Hospital,Karimganj, Kishoreganj. naureenmumu@gmail.com.  https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3512-8391

Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia and is often associated with abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Serum total cholesterol is one of the commonly measured lipid parameters and may provide useful information about cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
Objective: To evaluate and compare serum total cholesterol levels in Bangladeshi male adults aged above 40 years with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and healthy age-matched controls, and to determine the association between elevated cholesterol and diabetic status.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 200 Bangladeshi male participants aged above 40 years. Among them, 100 diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients were included as the study group, and 100 healthy age-matched male individuals were included as the control group. Fasting blood samples were collected after overnight fasting, and serum total cholesterol was measured as the principal biochemical parameter. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and comparison between groups was performed by unpaired Student’s t test.
Result: The mean serum total cholesterol level was higher in the study group than in the control group, with values of 174.91 ± 45.5 mg/dL and 145.08 ± 31.83 mg/dL, respectively. The mean difference was 29.83 mg/dL, with a t value of 5.37 and p < 0.001. This indicates a statistically highly significant elevation of serum total cholesterol among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The diabetic group also showed approximately 20.56% higher serum total cholesterol than controls.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that elevated serum total cholesterol is an important biochemical abnormality among Bangladeshi male patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus aged above 40 years. However, as this was a cross-sectional study, the result should be interpreted as an association rather than proof of causation or disease progression.

[Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Med Col J 2026, July; 11 (2):228-233]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj.2026.11.2.16

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Original
Bronchoscopic Findings and Diagnostic Yield of Flexible Bronchoscopy: Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital
*Siddique MH, 1 Choudhury AY,2 Sarkar NK,3 Rahman MM,4 Ahmed NF,5  Azad MK,6  Sultana S7

  1. *Dr. Md. Mofazzal Haider Siddique, Assistant Registrar, Respiratory Medicine, Mugda Medical College and Hospital. mofazzal.rpmc@gmail.com. http://orchid.org/0009-0009-5037-6587
  2. Dr. Adnan Yusuf Choudhury, Associate Professor & Head of Department, Respiratory Medicine, Mugda Medical College & Hospital.
  3. Dr. Nirmal Kanti Sarkar, Assistant Professor, Respiratory Medicine, Mugda Medical College & Hospital.
  4. Dr. Md. Mizanur Rahman, Indoor Medical Officer, Respiratory Medicine, Mugda Medical College & Hospital. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9461-6814
  5. Dr. Nur Faysal Ahmed, Assistant  Professor, Medicine, Tangail Medical College & Hospital, Tangail.
  6. Dr. Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad, Associate Professor Medicine, Shahed Sayod Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj.
  7. Dr. Sarmin Sultana, Lecturer, Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka.http://orchid.org/0009-0004-4289-8274.

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Bronchoscopy is the basic fundamental diagnostic tool for the evaluation of endobronchial disease. This study aimed to describe the bronchoscopic findings and diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive observational study of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) was performed in Respiratory Medicine Department of  Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of January 2022 to December 2023 Flexible bronchoscopy was performed, and bronchial washing, brushing, and biopsy specimens were collected when indicated.
Results: Here we observed 200 cases of bronchoscopy. Out of 200 cases, there were 146 males and 54 females. Most patients (70%) were aged 50–60 years. Among males 100 (68%) and females 13 (24%) were smoker. Patients presented with COPD 24(12%), TB 36(18%), mass lesion 64(32%), pleural effusion 23 (11.5%), collapse 24(12%), consolidation 10(5%), hemoptysis7(3.5%), hoarseness of voice 4 (2%), DPLD 4(2%), Bronchiectasis 4(2%). Bronchial washings were done in 133 cases and brushing in 133 cases and common location for both was right upper lobe and left lower lobe, Bronchial biopsy was performed in 64 patients, most commonly from the right main bronchus and right upper lobe. Among patients bronchial tree was normal 94(47%),  inflamed 44(22%), endobronchial growth 54(27%), suspected TB 4(2%), Vocal cord polyp 3(1.5%) and isolated vocal cord palsy1(0.5%). Histopathological diagnosis of bronchoscopic biopsy was Adenocarcinoma 48%, Squamous cell carcinoma 37%, Small cell carcinoma 8% and Tuberculosis 7%.
Conclusion: The accurate use of conventional bronchoscopy and its technique in the experienced respiratory interventionists will improve the diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes of those patients suffering from respiratory diseases.

[Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Med Col J 2026, July; 11 (2):220-227]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj.2026.11.2.15

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Original
Short-Term Outcome of Ischemic Stroke Patients with and without Atrial Fibrillation
*Sarkar BK,1 Moontaha H,2 Iqbal MH,3 Paul MR4

  1. *Dr. Bikash Kumar Sarkar, Junior Consultant (Medicine), Infectious Disease Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. drbikashrmc@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5832-053X
  2. Dr. Hashiba Moontaha, Assistant Professor and Resident Surgeon, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6133-7064
  3. Dr. Md. Hasan Iqbal, Assistant Registrar, Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1186-9956
  4. Dr Mira Rani Paul, Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Dental Public Health, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7980-1165

*For correspondence

Abstract
Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke, associated with increased stroke severity and poorer outcomes. However, limited data exist from developing countries regarding the impact of AF on stroke outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of ischemic stroke patients with and without atrial fibrillation in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital over six months, enrolling 60 ischemic stroke patients (30 with AF, 30 without AF). Outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at one- and three months post-stroke. Data analysis included chi-square tests, t-tests, and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: AF-associated strokes occurred more frequently in females (53.33% vs 26.67%, p=0.035) and showed significantly higher mRS scores at one month (3.60 vs 1.73, p=0.001) and three months (3.47 vs 1.40, p=0.001). Three-month mortality was significantly higher in the AF group (46.7% vs 12.3%, p=0.005). After adjustment for confounders, AF was associated with significantly higher odds of poor functional outcome at one month (AOR: 5.49, 95% CI: 1.4-21.20).
Conclusion: Ischemic stroke patients with AF experience significantly worse short-term outcomes compared to those without AF. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced AF screening and prevention strategies in Bangladesh, particularly among high-risk populations.

[Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Med Col J 2026, July; 11 (2):212-219]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj.2026.11.2.14

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Original
Prevalence and Determinants of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Diabetes Centers of Coastal Bangladesh
*Rabeya S,1 Jharna DE,2 Muttalib MA,3 Uddin ME,4 Mehnaz F,5 Sarkar MRA6

  1. *Dr. Sultana Rabeya, MBBS, MPhil (Biochemistry, MMC), PhD Fellow, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali- 8660, Bangladesh. src762001@yahoo.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6153-1079.
  2. Professor Dr. Dilruba Easmin Jharna, PhD, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali- 8660, Bangladesh, jharnabcm@pstu.ac.bd. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5574-4623
  3. Professor Dr. Mohammed Abdul Muttalib, MBBS, MPhil (Biochemistry), Ex-Professor & Head, Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College and Ex-Director, Laboratory Services, BIRDEM, dramuttalib007@gmail.com. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2206-047X
  4. Professor Md. Ektear Uddin. PhD, Professor of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Patuakhali Science and Technology University Dumki, Patuakhali- 8660, Bangladesh Email: ektear@pstu.ac.bd. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-8134
  5. Farin Mehnaz, Zainul Haque Sikder Women’s Medical College, Dhaka – 1209. fmehnaz973@gmail.com. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2298-0308
  6. Ripon Ali Sarker, PhD Fellow, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali-8660. riponalisarkar@gmail.com. ORCID:https://orcid.org/ 0000-0000-7988-1952.

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem worldwide and it is growing at an alarming rate in the underprivileged regions and developing countries as well. Early detection of diabetes is an important tool for identifying the risk factors and applying the preventive measures. Based on the reviews, this research focused on detecting the prevalence and associated risk factors of prediabetes and diabetes in patients attending four diabetes centers in Barishal coast of Bangladesh.
Objectives: The general objective of this research was to ascertain the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus along with its sociodemographic, biochemical and anthropometric risk factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with 432 study subjects was conducted in four diabetes centers viz. Barishal, Bakerganj, Patuakhali and Dumki. Socio-demographic information, clinical data and biochemical information were collected by using a structured questionnaire, clinical measurements and laboratory investigations through standard procedures. Criteria of glycaemia were utilized to diagnose diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. Multivariate and bivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify T2DM associated risk factors.
Results: Among the subjects, the prevalence rate of diabetes was 68.8% wherein the contribution of individual centers were 26.9, 15.0, 17.1 and 10.0% in Barishal, Bakergonj, Patuakhali and Dumki, respectively. Diabetes was more prevalent among female individuals age >51years, with a positive family history of diabetes, elevated total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Multivariate logistic regression showed that high total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were strongly associated with diabetes. Participants with high total cholesterol had more than eight fold higher odds of diabetes (AOR = 8.16, 95%CI: 3.89-20.03), while elevated triglyceride levels were associated with 8.74 times increased risk (AOR = 8.74, 95%CI: 5.41-14.36). Individuals with a positive family history of diabetes were also found to have higher odds of diabetes (AOR = 3.54, 95%CI: 1.92-6.79). Moderate association existed between age and diabetes. On the other hand, there was a significant relationship between prediabetes with age, education status and smoking. Higher education appeared to exerts protective effect against diabetes.
Conclusion: In general, this study shows high prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among the subjects visiting the selected diabetes centers. Diabetes is highly dependent on positive family history followed by higher cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In order to restrict the rate of prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes, increasing awareness along with systematic lifestyle and early interventions are crucial for the studied area.

[Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Med Col J 2026, July; 11 (2):199-211]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj.2026.11.2.13

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Original
Efficacy and Safety of Nicotinic Acid for Prophylaxis of Episodic Migraine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
*Ta-din H,1 Rahman MS,2 Ayshi SA,3 Akter T4

  1. *Dr. Hudia Ta-din, MD (Pharmacology), Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh hudiatadin@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0315-8329
  2. Dr. Md. Sayedur Rahman, M Phil, FCPS, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-0161
  3. Dr. Shimu Akter Ayshi, MD (Pharmacology), Assistant professor, Jahurul Islam Medical college, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6523-7705
  4. Dr. Taslima Akter, MD (Laboratory medicine), Clinical pathologist, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8888-311X

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Nicotinic acid is a water-soluble vitamin used in dyslipidaemia.
Objective: In this study, 2 doses of nicotinic acid were compared with placebo to explore the effect of this drug in prophylaxis of episodic migraine.
Methods: In this phase 2 trial, adults with episodic migraine attended at Outpatient Department of Bangladesh Medical University were recruited. After a 4-weeks of baseline, 66 eligible participants were randomized to oral Nicotinic acid 500 mg or 1000 mg extended-release tablet or placebo a day for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was changes in the number of migraine days per 4 weeks from the baseline, was assessed and compared. Trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov with the trial ID number NCT05846373
Results: Nicotinic acid extended-release tablet 500 mg and 1000 mg reduced the number of migraine days per 4 weeks significantly over 1st week to 8th week of double-blind treatment phase (p value < 0.0001 for both Niacin 500 mg and 1000 mg than that of the baseline). Reductions were maintained over 9th to 12th weeks. The number of migraine days were 2.55 ± 2.19 in Niacin 500 mg arm and 2.11 ± 2.05 in Niacin 1000 mg arm were significantly lower than placebo (p = 0.004 among the 3 arms). Most common Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) experienced in Niacin arm was flushing (42% in 1000 mg arm and 25% in 500 mg arm). They were self-limiting and not much different in Nicotinic acid arms than placebo (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Nicotinic acid was effective and well-tolerated in prophylaxis of episodic migraine.

[Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Med Col J 2026, July; 11 (2):189-198]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj.2026.11.2.12

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Original
Assessment of Drug Utilization Patterns of Supportive Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis at a Tertiary Care Hospital
*Sattar S,1Quddush AR2

  1. *Dr. Shamima Sattar, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh. shamimacbmcb@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3640-1721.
  2. Professor Dr. ASM. Ruhul Quddush, Professor & Head, Department of Pediatrics, Community Based Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8025-5912.

*For correspondence

Abstracts
Background: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) remains a significant public health concern in pediatric populations, particularly in developing countries where inadequate sanitation and limited healthcare access facilitate the spread of hepatotropic viruses. Supportive therapy constitutes the mainstay of management; however, data on prescribing patterns in children are limited in Bangladesh.
Objective: To assess the drug utilization patterns of supportive therapy in pediatric patients with acute viral hepatitis admitted to Community Based Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh.
Methods:This descriptive observational study included 155 children aged <15 years with confirmed AVH, admitted between January 2024 to December 2024. The study was carried out through a collaborative effort between the Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology. Demographic data, viral etiology, clinical presentation, drug utilization for supportive therapy, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Supportive medications were categorized as oral rehydration solution (ORS), intravenous fluids, antiemetics, antipyretics, vitamin supplements, hepatoprotective agents, and antibiotics. Data were analysed using SPSS v26, and the association between antibiotic use and clinical outcomes was assessed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, with p <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results:The mean age of participants was 7.8 ± 3.4 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.35:1. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was the most prevalent etiology 65.8%, followed by hepatitis E virus (HEV) 21.9%, while HBV and HCV were less common. Oral rehydration solution was administered to 80.0% of patients, antiemetics to 62.6%, antipyretics to 56.8%, intravenous fluids to 50.3%, vitamin supplements to 46.5%, hepatoprotective drugs to 34.8%, and antibiotics to 18.7%. The mean hospital stay was 6.4 ± 2.7 days. Clinical outcomes were favourable, with 72.3% fully recovered, 23.2% improved, and 4.5% experiencing complications. Antibiotic use was significantly associated with adverse outcomes (p = 0.041).
Conclusion: Hepatitis A virus is the predominant cause of pediatric AVH in Bangladesh, and supportive therapy remains the cornerstone of management. While overall prognosis is favourable, inappropriate antibiotic use was linked to adverse outcomes, emphasizing the need for rational prescribing. These findings highlight the importance of guideline-driven supportive care and provide insights into pediatric drug utilization patterns in resource-limited settings.

[Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Med Col J 2026, July; 11 (2):180-188]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj.2026.11.2.11

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Original
Diagnostic Value of Chest X-Ray in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy  Validated by Echocardiography
*Khan PR,1 Ferdouse F,2 Hasan M,3 Ahmed TU,4 Haque A5

  1. *Dr. Parvez Rahman Khan, Assistant Professor, Cardiology, Community Based Medical College Bangladesh Mymensingh.  drprkhan36@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0601-7817
  2. Dr. Farzana Ferdouse, Assistant Professor (in situ), Radiology & Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0142-2213
  3. Dr. Mehedee Hasan, Registrar, Cardiology, Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh, Mymensingh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1882-2004
  4. Dr. Tofayel Uddin Ahmed, Associate Professor & Head, Cardiology, Community Based Medical College Bangladesh, Bangladesh Mymensingh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2030-1111
  5. Dr. Amdadul Haque, Associate Professor, Cardiology, Community Based Medical College  Bangladesh, Mymensingh. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3303-8293

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is one of the leading causes of heart failure in Bangladesh and worldwide. Chest radiography is the most universally available and affordable cardiac imaging tool. Knowing how well its findings correlate with echocardiographic indices of ventricular dysfunction can help doctors make faster and more accurate diagnoses, especially where echocardiography is not immediately available.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Community Based Medical College & Hospital (CBMCB), Mymensingh, from January 2025 to January 2026. A total of 96 purposively selected patients with confirmed ICM were enrolled. All patients underwent standard posteroanterior chest radiography and comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Key echocardiographic indices including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) were correlated with radiographic findings. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: Mean age was 57.2 ± 9.4 years; 68 patients (70.8%) were male. Mean LVEF was 30.2 ± 6.8%. Cardiomegaly (Cardio Thoracic Ratio, CTR >0.5) was the commonest radiographic finding (80.2%), followed by pulmonary vascular congestion (73.0%), Kerley B lines (50.0%), and pleural effusion (46.9%). Cardiomegaly correlated significantly with LVEDD (r = +0.64, p<0.001) and inversely with LVEF (r = −0.58, p<0.001). Pulmonary congestion was strongly associated with LVEF ≤30% (p=0.003). RWMA was present in 92.7%. Sensitivity of chest radiography for detecting severe LV dysfunction (LVEF ≤30%) was 83.1%, with specificity 71.4%.
Conclusion: Chest radiographic findings in ICM — particularly cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion — correlate meaningfully with echocardiographic indices of ventricular dysfunction. Though radiography cannot replace echocardiography, it serves as a valuable, low-cost surrogate that can guide early diagnosis and timely referral.

[Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Med Col J 2026, July; 11 (2):170-179]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj.2026.11.2.10

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